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Maria de Wilde
Maria de Wilde (7 January 1682 – 11 April 1729) was a Dutch engraver and playwright of the Dutch Republic. She was born and died in Amsterdam, where she played an active part in the upper-class bourgeois world of artists and writers, and gained a reputation by engraving her wealthy father's art collection. Formerly credited also with four plays, modern scholars only ascribe a tragedy and possibly a comedy to her.
==Biography==
Maria de Wilde was one of eight children of Jacob de Wilde, a high-ranking official (collector-general) in the Admiralty of Amsterdam and Hendrina Veen; on her mother's side she was descended from the religious leader Jacobus Arminius, and the family continued the adherence to Remonstrantism. Two of her siblings died young. The family was well-off and for a while rented a house on the Keizersgracht canal, before they bought the building and the adjacent homes. De Wilde remained single until relatively late for her period; in 1710, she married Gijsbert de Lange (1677–1758?), also an official with the Admiralty. They had two children, one of whom reached adulthood; the other died shortly after birth. There appears to have been some doubt about her death date: earlier biographies list it as unknown,〔〔〔 as does de Jeu's 2000 study of women poets of the Dutch Republic.〔 Van Oostrum's 2013 article for the ''Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland'', however, has 11 April 1729 as a death date; she was laid to rest in the family grave in the Oude Kerk in Amsterdam.〔
Maria was well-educated and while not much is known of her life, all evidence indicates she was a cultured person with artistic talent; she was praised for her singing voice, her poetry, and her harpsichord playing. She learned engraving from Adriaan Schoonebeek.〔 Her father had an impressive art collection which brought many visitors including the Russian tsar Peter the Great, who visited the de Wilde family to admire the collection on 13 December 1697. Maria made an engraving of this meeting between the tsar and her father, which marks "the beginning of the West European classical tradition in Russia".〔 In 1717, on his second visit, she gave him a print of the engraving: he reciprocated by giving her a jewel.〔
She earned a national reputation as an engraver with the work she did for the catalogs of her father's collection. Fifty-five engravings of Egyptian, Greek, and Roman sculptures were published in ''Signa antiqua e museo Jacobi de Wilde'' in 1700, and ''Gemma selecta antiqua e museo Jacobi de Wilde'' (1703) contained 188 engravings of coins and engraved gems. One of her admirers was the German lawyer and poet Andreas Lange, who found her at work in her father's house and became enamored with her. A Latin poem praising her was translated into Dutch.〔 She was also praised in poetry by the scholar, cartographer, and philologist Adriaan Reland.
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